![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Panksepp hypothesized that opioids might be related to mammalian separation distress calls, and a BGSU research group soon demonstrated that low doses of morphine would soothe the separation distress vocalizations in canine puppies ( Panksepp et al., 1978). Meanwhile, Jaak had recognized similarities between opioid withdrawal in drug addicts and the social distress caused by broken relationships and had also noticed that opioid addicts frequently came from marginal family social backgrounds. Scott, a senior colleague at Bowling Green State University (BGSU), had studied the social behavior of dogs for many years ( Scott and Fuller, 1965) and was currently exploring separation distress vocalizations in puppies. In the wake of the discovery in the early 1970s of endogenous opioids in the mouse brain, Panksepp began working on another potential emotional behavior system in the brain. He was further able to show that these rats subjectively experienced these two contrasting emotions, meaning they would work to turn off the stimulus eliciting the affective RAGE attack but would work to turn on and receive more of the stimulus eliciting the “quiet bite” attack, which was later shown to be activating the SEEKING system. In his dissertation he was able to use electrical stimulation of the brain (ESB) to elicit two distinct emotional attack behaviors in rats: “affective attack” toward another rat and a predatory “quiet bite” attacking a mouse. Hence, he began probing the neural constitution of emotions in the deep foundations of the mammalian brain. He had also realized that the level of understanding that was needed would require brain research that could not be conducted on human beings. This insight led to his graduate school career change from clinical psychology into what we now call neuroscience. The scientist who coined the term affective neuroscience, Panksepp (1991, 1992), had the insight as a young clinical psychology student working in a mental hospital that understanding emotions was the key to developing more effective treatments for psychiatric hospital patients and all those suffering with psychopathology. Finally, the present work gives a brief overview of the main ideas of AN.Ī Brief Introduction To Jaak Panksepp's Scientific Career It touches not only areas of neuroscience, but also shows how AN has been applied to other research fields such as personality psychology. It gives an historical overview of the development of Panksepp's AN thinking. The present paper gives a concise overview of Panksepp's main ideas. Abundant research into human clinical applications has supported the hypothesis that imbalances in these ancient primary emotional systems are strongly linked to psychiatric disorders such as depression. By means of (i) electrical stimulation, (ii) pharmacological challenges, and (iii) brain lesions of vertebrate brains (mostly mammalian), Panksepp carved out seven primary emotional systems called SEEKING, CARE, PLAY, and LUST on the positive side, whereas FEAR, SADNESS, and ANGER belong to the negative affects. In the early nineties of the twentieth century Jaak Panksepp coined the term “Affective Neuroscience” (AN) today being accepted as a unique research area in cross-species brain science. 3MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.2Department of Molecular Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.1Pegasus International, Inc., Greensboro, NC, United States. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |